高考题数学|从高考题谈动名词作主语和宾语
隆回一中 罗玉南
动名词考点讲与练
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，是近几年的高考热点之一，常设考点如下：
1．动名词作主语
例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？
-___ her new bicycle.（1997上海）
A.鶤s she lost鶥．Lost
C．Losing D．Because of losing
解析：答案C。Losing在此为动名词，与her new bicycle构成动名词短语在句中作主语。该题可以理解为：Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset．
1.在下面的句型中，it是形式主语，v-ing形式作真正的主语。
1)鶬t’s no use／good＋v-ing．如：
It’s no good smoking, you’d better give it up．
It’s no use arguing with him．
2)It’s a waste of time / so nice/ foolish interesting / doing sth.
It’s a waste of time waiting here.
在这里等是浪费时间。
It‘s so nice talking to you.
很高兴和你谈话。
2.v-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Learning new words is very useful to me．
Writing headlines in English is not an easy job．
动名词作宾语
1）有些动词后只接动名词作宾语。这类动词常见的有：admit，advise，finish, avoid，escape, delay，consider,dislike, mind, suggest，enjoy，miss , practise，imagine，appreciate（感激）,risk(冒险)等等。
2.Our monitor suggested _____a discussion of this subject. (85’)
A．to have B．should have
C．have D．Having
Key: D
2）有些动词和动词词组既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但意思不同。这类动词及动词词组常见的有：stop，forget，remember，try，mean，go on，regret, can’t help 等等。
1）go on to do 接着做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）
2）stop to do 停下来去做；stop doing 停止做
3）remember to do 记住要做；remember doing 记得曾做过
4)can’t help to do 不能帮助做；
鷆an’t help doing 情不自禁地做
4）forget to do 忘记要做；forget doing 忘了曾经做过
5）regret to do 很遗憾／抱歉地去做；regret doing 后悔做了
6）try to do 努力做；try doing 试着做
7）mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味着做
3.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
-Well，now I regret ___that.(95’)
A．to do B．to be doing
C．to have done鶧．having done
解析：答案D。本句意为：我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regret doing ／having done
3.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．
-Well，now I regret ___that.(95’)
A．to do B．to be doing
C．to have done鶧．having done
解析：答案D。本句意为：我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regret doing ／having done
3）动名词充当介词的宾语，常用在含有某些介词构成的短语动词之后，这类常见的短语动词有：
insist on, think of, feel like (cf. would like to do sth.)，set about (cf. set out to do sth.)，be fond of，look forward to(cf. look forward to do sth. )， pay attention to，get used to，give up , devote．．．to，put off ,succeed in, have difficulty in, get down to(开始着手做) 等等。
例：She looks forward every spring to __the flower-lined garden．（1995上海）
A．visit B．paying a visit
C．walk in D．walking in
解析：答案D。look forward to doing sth．是固定用法，故排除A、C项。B项在visit后加to才正确，所以应排除。
Cf. The letter that I was looking forward to ___ at last.
A. coming鶥. came鶦. come D. being come
Key: B
4）动名词在need，want，require，be worth后接宾语，常以主动形式来表示被动意义.
cf. be worthy of being done/ to be done
This book is worthy of being read / to be read.这本书值得一读。
need/ want/ require doing sth / to be done (需要做…)
eg. My bike needs repairing / to be repaired.
5）permit, allow, forbid, require(要求)doing sth./ sb to do sth.
跟人作宾语后，必须用不定式作补语。例如：
This room won’t allow smoking.在这间屋里不准吸烟。
We do not allow anybody to smoke here.这里不许吸烟。
例：
-What do you think of the book？
-Oh，excellent．It"s worth ___a second time．
A．to read B．to be read
C．reading鶧．being read
Key: C
6)有些动词后可跟不定式和v-ing形式作宾语，意义差别不大。
1）在like, love, hate, prefer等动词后，v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作，不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。如：
She likes singing, but she doesn’t like to sing today．
7)在begin, start, continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语没有区别，但start，begin本身为进行式或后接realize, wonder, understand等心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。如：
I began to realize that I was wrong．
3．动名词的时态和语态
动名词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式所表示的动作或是与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或是在句中谓语动词动作之后发生；而它的完成式所表示的动作则一般发生在句中谓语动词动作之前。
例1：While shopping，people sometimes can"t help ____ into buying something they don"t really need．（1996上海）鶤．to persuade B．persuading C．being persuaded D．be persuaded
解析：答案C。根据句意，can"t help是“抑制不砖薄ⅰ扒椴蛔越”的意思。其后应接动名词作宾语。在此句中， people与persuade之间是动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动式。
例2:Tony was very unhappy for ____ to the party．（2000上海）
A．having not been invited B．not having invited鶦．having not invited D．not having been invited
解析：答案D。动名词的否定式作介词的宾语。由于 Tony未被邀请在先，不高兴在后，所以采用了完成式的形式。
4．动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，名词可用普通格代替所有格，代词可用宾格形式代替形容词性物主代词。eg.
I don’t like you/ your/ Tom / Tom’s being late.但是动名词作主语时，只能用your / Tom’s being late形式。
例:What worried the child most was ____ to visit his mother in the hospital．（1998上海）
A．his not allowing
B．his not being allowed
C．his being not allowed
D．having not been allowed
解析：答案B。动名词复合结构的否定式应把否定词not放在物主代词之后、动名词之前。child和allow之间为动宾关系，所以就用其被动式。
几个重要的句型：
1.There is no use / good doing sth.
2.There is no + 动名词
There is no joking about such matter.这事开不得玩笑。
三. 用to do而不用v-ing作定语的情形
一)所修饰的词为desire, effort, failure, promise等
She made a promise to come and help us．
二)所修饰的名词前有the first／last／next， the only和the best，the most等序数词或形容词最高级修饰语.
Who was the last one to leave the room last night﹖
She is always the first to get to work．
三)所修饰的名词与定语间有动宾关系
I have some clothes to wash tonight．
She gave him a piece of paper to write on．
四)所修饰的名词与定语有主谓关系
I need someone to type the letters for me．
You must find a person to look after your house for you while you are away．
五)所修饰的名词与定语有同位关系
At that time women had no right to vote．
They got the order to leave the city yesterday．
六)定语表示的是尚未发生的将来动作
The building to be built is a laboratory．
Some goods to be carried to Shanghai, he intends to hire a truck.
七)在一些固定句型中，习惯上使用不定式。例如：
It’s your turn to speak now．
It’s time to go to school．
选择最佳选项：
1．＿＿＿＿is a good form of exercise for young and old．
A．The walk B．Walking C．To walk D．Walk
2．-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．
-Well, now I regret ＿＿＿＿ that．
A．to do B．to be doing C．have done D．having done
3．I don’t regret ＿＿＿＿＿ even if it might have upset her．
A．to tell her what I thought鶥．to have told her that I thought
C．telling what I thought鶧．telling her what I thought
4．The library needs ＿＿, but it will have to wait until Sunday．
A．cleaning B．to clean C．clean D．being cleaned
5．I can hardly imagine Peter ＿across the Atlantic Ocean in five days．
A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed
6．-I must apologize for ＿＿＿＿＿ ahead of time．
-That’s all right．
A．letting you not know B．not letting you know
C．letting you know not D．letting not you know
7．-What do you think of the novel﹖ -Oh, it’s really ＿＿＿＿＿．
A．well worth reading鶥．very good to read
C．worthy reading D．worth to be read
8．What’s troubling them is ＿＿＿＿＿ enough experienced workers．
A．that they having no B．they not have
C．their not having鶧．not their having
9．She likes ＿＿＿＿ but she doesn’t like ＿＿＿＿ this afternoon．She’d like ＿＿＿＿＿some other day．
A．swimming；swimming；to swim B．to swim；swimming；to swim
C．swim；to swim；swimming D．swimming；to swim；to swim
10．She didn’t remember ＿＿＿＿ him before．
A．having met鶥．have met鶦．to meet D．to having met
11．I would appreciate ＿＿＿＿ back this afternoon．
A．you to call鶥．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling
12．How about the two of us ＿＿＿＿ a walk down the garden﹖
A．to take B．take鶦．taking D．to be taking
13．-Let me tell you something about the journalists．
-Don’t you remember ＿me the story yesterday﹖
A．told鶥．telling鶦．to tell鶧．to have told
14．The pupil asked the teacher how much time he spent ＿＿＿＿ violin every day．
A．to practise to play the鶥．practising playing the
C．to practise to play鶧．practising鷗o play
15．It’s no use ＿＿＿＿＿ forward to ＿＿＿＿ from her soon．
A．to look; to hear B．looking; hearing鶦．looking; hear鶧．look; hear
16．Missing the bus means ＿＿＿＿ home．
A．to walk鶥．walking鶦．walked鶧．walk
17．She was lucky enough ＿＿＿＿＿ by the car．
A．missing being hit B．to miss hitting
C．missing to be hit D．to miss being hit
18．My car has broken．I must ＿＿＿＿＿．
A．get down to repair it B．have it repair
C．get down to repairing it鶧．have it to be repaired
19．Have you got used to ＿＿in this factory﹖
A．work B．working C．worked鶧．having worked
20．We were lucky that we just escaped ＿＿＿＿＿ the rain．
A．being caught in B．to be caught in鶦．catching鶧．to catch煩
21．It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.
A.repairing B.repair C.to repair D.repaired
22.It"s no good ________ over split milk.
A.to cry鶥.crying鶦.cried D.cry
23.Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me鷏ast鷐onth?
Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?
A.borrowing; to bring鶥.to borrow; bring C.borrowed; bringing D.borrowing; bringing
24.The classroom wants __________.
A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning
25.Jack said that he wouldn"t mind ___________ for us.
A.to wait B.wait鶦.waiting D.waited
26.My brother keeps _________ me with my work.
A.to help B.help鶦.helping鶧.helped
27.We should often practise _________ English with each other.
A.to speak B.spoke C.speak D.speaking
28.Keep on _________ and you will succeed. A.a try B.try鶦.triing鶧.trying
29.His parents insist on _______to college. A.he should go鶥.he go鶦.his going鶧.him to go
30.The story was so funny that we ___________.
A.couldn"t help laugh鶥.can"t but laugh鶦.couldn"t help laughing鶧.couldn"t help but to laugh31.How much time did you spend __________ the text?
A.copying鶥.to copy C.in copy鶧.on copying
32.I ________see you without ________ your mother.
A.never; thinking of鶥.never;; thinking about鶦. not; think of D.don"t; think about
33.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵),it is worth _________.
A.being bought鶥.buying鶦.to buy鶧.buying it
34.The novel is well _________.
A.worth to read B.worth being read C.worthy to read D.worthy鷒f being read
35.The farmers were busy __________ cotton.
A.to pick鶥.picking鶦.with picking鶧.pluck
36.He devoted his life to __________ the atomic theory.
A.study鶥.be studied C.studying鶧.have studied
37.We are both looking forward to __________ next week.
A.going on vocation(休假) B.go on vocation鶦.be going on vocation D.have gone on vocation38.You must pay attention to _________ the works of Lu Xun.
A.read B.reading C.reader D.be read
39.He was praised for _________ thirty years of touching.
A.complete鶥.he completed C.having completed鶧.to have been completed
40.You should work tonight instead of __________ TV.
A.to watch鶥.you watching鶦.you watch鶧.watching
41.Besides __________, she is kind and tender.
A.beautiful鶥.being beautiful C.she beautiful鶧.is beautiful
42.What about _________ to the concert with us ?
A.we go鶥.we going鶦.going D.to go
43.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.
A.To be keeping B.Kept鶦.Keep鶧.Keeping
44.Seeing is _________.鶤.to believe鶥.believing鶦.believed鶧.being believed
45.The heart keeps __________ all the time.
A.to beat鶥.beating鶦.beaten鶧.to have been beating
46.The microscope is used for _______minute(微小的) objects.
A.examining鶥.being examed鶦.examined D.examine
47.It is no use ________ without thorough _____________.
A.to read; understood B.reading; understanding鶦.to read; understand鶧.read; to understand48.Many people enjoy ____________ majiang(麻将).
A.playing B.playing the鶦.to play鶧.to play the
49.I am sorry for _______you so much trouble. A.giving鶥.given鶦.having given D.to given
50.Some foods are eaten without ____________.
A.well absorbing B.being well absorbed C.absorbing D.well absorbed
51.Articles(物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒) before ___________ others. A.using B.being used by C.used by D.being using
52.Mike has got used _________ up late at night. (stay up)
A.to sit鶥.X C.to sitting D.sitting
53.Once the heart stops __________,death follows at once.
A.beating B.to beat鶦.being beaten鶧.to be beating
54.Mr Taylor went on _________ in spite of illness.
A.to work B.worked鶦.working鶧.to be working
55.We are now busy _________ for the examination.
A.to prepare鶥.preparing C.prepared鶧.being prepared
56.I am looking forward __________ from you soon.
A.to hear鶥.of hearing C.hearing鶧.to hearing
57.I remembered ________ this person somewhere before.
A.seeing鶥.having been seen鶦.seen鶧.to see
58.I regret __________ that to her.鶤.having said鶥.to have said鶦.to say D.X
59.The patient must be separated to avoid(避免) _______ others.
A.being infected(感染)鶥.infecting鶦.to infect D.infected
60.After operation the patient"s condition,鷉ar鷉rom________, became worse than before. A.improving鶥.being improved鶦.having been improved鶧.improved
61.The child thanked the passer-by for _________ his life.
A.saving鶥.being saved鶦.having saved D.having been saved
62.Mme Curie was well-known for ______________.
A.winning B.being won鶦.being winning鶧.having won
63.This X-ray machine needs ______________. A
.repairing鶥.to repair鶦.repaired鶧.being repaired
64.Your clothes need ______________.
A.washed B.to be washed C.to wash D.being washed
65.This bike is not worthy ___________.
A.to be repaired鶥.of repairing鶦.to repair D.repairing
66.________ provides us with essential nutrients(营养),while ________provides us with oxygen.
A.To eat; breathing鶥.Eating; to breathe C.Eating; breathing D.Eaten; breathed
67.He attended the party without _______________.
A.invited鶥.inviting鶦.having invited鶧.being invited
68.Bebecca was unhappy for _____ the first chance to go abroad.
A.not having been given鶥.not having given C.not giving鶧.having been given
69.By _____, water can be changed into gas. (参考: If ___, water can be changed into gas.)
A.heating B.being heated鶦.having heated D.heated
70.On land many objects prevent sound _______ very far.
A.to travel鶥.travel C.from travelling鶧.to travelling
key: Key: 1-5 BDDAC 6-10 BACDA11- 15 CCBBB16-20 BDCBA
21--30 ABADC CDDCC31--40 AABDB CABCD41--45 BCDBB
46--50鶤BACB51--60 BCACB鶧AABA 61--70 CDABA CDABC